L11: PROTEIN AND EVOLUTION

1. INTRODUCTION

Genes are made of DNA and are inherited from parent to offspring. Some DNA sequences code for mRNA wich, in turn, codes for the amino acid squence of proteins, Cytochrome C is a protein involved in using energy in the cell. Cytochrome C is found in most, if not all, known eukaryotes. Over time, random mutacions in the DNA sequence occur. As a result, the amino acid sequence of Cytochrome C also changes. Cells without usuable C are unlikely to survive.

2. OBJECTIVES

To compare the reladness between organisms by examining the amino acid sequence in the protein, Cytochrom C.

3. PROCEDUCE

 The image is from Ignacio, because I can not find my photocopy.

4. CONCLUSION

As far from each other and are more differences further evolutionarily amino acids. Are grouped by groups of animals.

5. QUESTIONS

1. How many Cytochrom C amino acid sequence differences are there between chickens and tukeys?

0.

2. Make a branking tree, or cladrogram for chikens, penguins and turrrkeys?

chicken- penguin: 0
turkey-penguin: 3

3.a Predict the number of Cytochrom C amino acid sequence differences you would expect to see between.

Horse-Zebra: 1-2

Donkey-Zebra:1-2

b) What other information did you use to make this prediction?

If they can repoduce and the offpring is festile.

5. List three other things used to determine how organisms are related to each other.

Comparing the organs, anatomic prove, embrions,,,

6.  Explain why more closely related organisms have more similar Cytochrome C.

Evolutionarily not so long ago parted hence have not so many mutations.

7. Other data, including other genes, suggest that fugi are more closely related to animals than plants. What are some reasons that the Cytochrome C data suggest that fugi, plants, and animals are equally distantly related?

If you have more than 40, suffered a lot of mutations and can not be compared.